The arteries that branch into the common hepatic artery, splenic artery, and left gastric are: anterior communicating artery, posterior coronary artery, and interosseous arteries.Anterior communicating arteries branch off of the basilar plexus to supply the lower two-thirds of the face and direct some blood to the sphenopalatine ganglion. The left anterior descending coronary supplies most of the aortic arch but may become indented laterally by taking a turn through an incisura in its own transverse septal wall. The posterior descending artery courses through the floor of the interventricular septum parallel to the left anterior descending coronary.
Interossei muscles are located in the palm of each hand beneath the thenar eminence between metacarpal bones that bear digits I and II: one muscle on each side of each metacarpal bone. The interossei muscles are connected to their respective metacarpal bones by slips that depart from heads, which are tendinous expansions at the proximal ends of flexor tendons to these fingers. The extensor tendon that can be seen clearly on either side of a middle finger’s base is called an extensor digiti minimi. It is a tendinous expansion of the extensor tendon to the middle finger.
The interossei muscles in the palm are closely related to the tendons of muscles beneath each metacarpal bone that are attached to some proximal phalanx of each digit. The extensor tendons for digits II through V, which can be observed on their sides between metacarpal bones, are attached by slips that depart from heads on the distal ends of these extensor tendons and thus connect along with their respective metacarpals. The heads on these extensor tendons are located in grooves called retinaculae that can be seen between metacarpals I and V.
The interosseous arteries arise from the anastomotic region between the anterior and posterior communicating arteries. The posterior portion of these arteries is known as the interosseous artery of Adamkiewicz and gives off branches to supply muscles in the palm. The interossei muscles are located between the metacarpal bones that bear digits II through V. The major extensor tendons for digits II through V are located in retinaculae (grooves) between metacarpals I and V.
The interosseous artery also receives its name from its synonyms: lines of Kirkwood, Cava, or Ramsay. The posterior portion of the inferior medial cava artery, known as the interosseous artery of Adamkiewicz, takes a turn in the interosseous membrane before it loops back and passes between two muscles in the palm. The interosseous membrane separates these two muscles on each side: abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi brevis.
The posterior communicating artery between the right and left posterior cerebral arteries arises from anastomosis between these two arteries. The parietal pericardium is closely related to this anastomotica segment of the anterior surface of the right ventricle.
The posterior communicating artery is a vessel that supplies blood to the brain. It is formed by an anastomosis of two arteries, the posterior cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery. As a result, it sends blood to both halves of the brain through each side of its body. The posterior communicating artery is located at the crossroads between three cranial cavity spaces: lateral ventricle, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle.
The second layer of muscle in the infraspinatus muscle forms a hiatus in its tendinous portion before passing into its deep surface’s supraspinatus fossa. The fasciae of the infraspinatus muscle are the interosseous ligaments. These ligaments divide the heads of tendons that pass through them into three parts: two heads and one attachment to the bone. The interosseous vessels passing behind them run parallel to their muscles.
The periosteum of a finger’s proximal phalanx also gives off an extensor tendon (carpal extensor) that is a portion of the extensor digitorum brevis. The deep surface, in turn, gives off further portions as it becomes covered by tendons for each digit, which adjoin its palmar surface and synapse with it below its base. The tendons for digits III through V pass toward palmar surfaces for these digits: the abductor and flexor tendons for digit III; the abductor and flexor tendons for digit IV; and the adductor tendon of digit V.
The extensor tendons of digits II through V run parallel to interossei muscles in the palm beneath their individual metacarpal bones. The heads on these extensor tendons are located in grooves that run between metacarpals I and V.
